The origins of the Bulgarians

THE ORIGINS
The ancient kingdom of Baktria, Balkaria or Balhara was established on today’s territory of southern Tadjikistan and northern Afghanistan. Since a couple of years, this region has revealed several archeological sites; some specialists even say that one of the mummies found near the city of Baktria could be the oldest ever discovered. Also, several small figurines were found in the town, somehow those objects look exactly like those found in the ancient Proto-Bulgarian cities of Pliska (Bulgaria) and Fanagorhia (Ukraine).

THE FIRST STATE (632-660)
“Stara Velika Balgaria” AKA Great Old Bulgaria was established on a large territory expanding from Crimea to the Caspian Sea and from the city of Samara to southern Ossetia. In 632 AC, Khan Kubrat from the Dulo clan, according to the account of Byzantine chroniclers availed himself of the failing power of the Turkic khanate, shook off the vassal age his tribe was in, and declared himself an independent ruler. Virtually all Bulgarian tribes living in the region of the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea immediately united under him. The newly founded state-like formation was evidently not a military-tribal alliance as there had been no such legal category in the antiquity, but it was a state. The Khan was raised and educated in Byzantium, baptized as a Christian and known as a personal friend of Emperor Heraclius, he maintained peaceful neighborly relations with the empire up till the end of his rule. Before his death, the ruler called his five sons for an ultimate lesson. He gave them a bundle of sticks and told them to break it in two. When none of the sons managed to break the bundle, the Khan took the sticks and broke them one by one. The father’s message was that their strength depends on their unity (Saedinenieto Pravi Silata), which is today’s motto of the Bulgarian State.

*VANAND’S BULGARIA (45-450)
Vanand Khan was a Proto-Bulgarian ruler that migrated from the Eurasia steppes to the Caucasus precisely in Armenia. The region began to be called after this leader and the settlements were named after his brothers and successors, Bulhar, Doks, Toh Altsek. Today, the Balkars could be the descendants of Vanand

THE FIVE SONS OF KUBRAT

KHAN KOTRAG
After the death of Khan Kubrat, one of his sons Kotrag led his horde far north, occupying the land around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. The capital city of the new country was the city of Bulgar (near Kazan). In 922 AC, Khan Almush, son of Shilki accepted Islam as the official state religion. The Bulgar king Gabdula Chelbir defeated Ghengis Khan in 1223 nearby Samarskaya Luka, the first defeat of the Mongols ever. Sadly, in the long run, the fairly small Bulgar state on the Volga could not stop the advance of the countless Mongol armies. And so in 1236, with 600 000 soldiers, Batu Khan sacked the city of Bulgar. The Bulgars conquered by the Mongols were drafted into Batu’s army as Tatars, meaning – The conquered people. Later on Bulgar was conquered by Ivan the Terrible and kept by Russia forever. Today several small republics in Russia are considered as the descendants of the Volga Bulgarians. The most important are Chuvashia and Tartarstan which was called up until 1922 Bulgaristan. The only difference between the Chuvash and Tartars is that the Chuvash are considered as the part of the Volga Bulgarians that did not accept Islam as religion.

KHAN ASPARUH
In 680, near the city of Varna was fought a great battle between the Byzantium Empire under the command of Constantine IV Pogonatus and an alliance of Bulgarian cavalry and Slav infantry…the Byzantine army was destroyed and had to retreat as far as Southern Thrace. At this point in history, 681 AD, there were only three officially recognized states in all of Europe, The West Roman Empire, The East Roman Empire, and Bulgaria. A new state was created from an alliance between the Proto-Bulgarian clan Dulo, 7 Slavian tribes and the little Thracian tribes left.

KHAN BAT-BAYAN
The firstborn son of Kubrat, Bat-Bayan and his horde, remained on the coast of the Sea of Azov, and were later integrated into Volga Bulgaria.

KHAN KUBER
Kuber led his part of the Bulgars first to Pannonia and then settled in Macedonia; eventually they were absorbed by the Danube Bulgaria.

KHAN ALTSEK
Altsek led his part of the horde to Italy and later disappeared under the service of the Lombard King. Many place names and towns in Italy are of Bulgar origins, like Monte Bulgheria and the city of Bulgaria near Gambetolla…

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